Search results for "Isolated brain"
showing 7 items of 7 documents
Association of Structural Global Brain Network Properties with Intelligence in Normal Aging
2013
Higher general intelligence attenuates age-associated cognitive decline and the risk of dementia. Thus, intelligence has been associated with cognitive reserve or resilience in normal aging. Neurophysiologically, intelligence is considered as a complex capacity that is dependent on a global cognitive network rather than isolated brain areas. An association of structural as well as functional brain network characteristics with intelligence has already been reported in young adults. We investigated the relationship between global structural brain network properties, general intelligence and age in a group of 43 cognitively healthy elderly, age 60–85 years. Individuals were assessed cross-sect…
Applicability of the isolated perfused rat brain for studying central cholinergic mechanisms.
1974
The ACh content of the isolated perfused rat brain as well as that of the rat brain in vivo was determined by gas chromatography. After a perfusion period of 30 min the endogenous ACh content of the isolated brain was significantly higher than that of the brain in vivo. Physostigmine caused a rise in the ACh concentration of both the isolated brain and the brain in vivo. Oxotremorine produced an increase in the ACh content in the brain in vivo, but not in the isolated brain after appropriate dosage. The concentration of the drugs in the perfusion medium of the isolated brain was so that distinct EEG changes could be observed but spontaneous electrical activity could be maintained during the…
Comparative study of the effects of chloral hydrate and trichloroethanol on cerebral metabolism
1973
The isolated perfused rat brain was used for a comparative study of the effects of chloral hydrate and trichloroethanol on cerebral energy metabolism. After a perfusion period of 30 min the brain levels of the following substrates and metabolites were measured spectrophotometrically: P-creatine, creatine, ATP, ADP, AMP, glycogen, glucose, glucose-6-P, fructose diphosphate, α-glycero-P, dihydroxyacetone-P, pyruvate, lactate, glutamate, α-ketoglutarate and ammonia. Furthermore, the concentration of chloral hydrate and trichloroethanol in the isolated brain and in the perfusion medium was measured colorimetrically. Little more than 10% of chloral hydrate in the isolated brain and in the perfus…
Effects of chlorpromazine and some of its metabolites on the EEG and on dopamine metabolism of the isolated perfused rat brain.
1979
Abstract The study concerned the effects of chlorpromazine (CPZ), monodesmethyl-chlorpromazine (NOR1-CPZ), didesmethyl-chlorpromazine (NOR2-CPZ), and chlorpromazine-N-oxide (CPZ-NO) on the EGG and on dopamine metabolism of the isolated perfused rat brain. Isolated brains were perfused with 100 ml of a perfusion medium containing 30% bovine red cells (v/v), 2 g bovine serum albumin, 14 mM glucose as well as one of the agents in a concentration of 10 μM. The main dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) was measured fluorimetrically in the striatum of the isolated brain. The EGG was recorded by two symmetrical bipolar leads from the parietal regions at various times during the 30 min perfu…
Suitability of the isolated perfused rat brain for studying effects on cerebral metabolism
1972
The concentrations of P-creatine, creatine, ATP, ADP, AMP, glycogen, glucose, glucose-6-P, fructose diphosphate, dihydroxyacetone-P, α-glycero-P, lactate and pyruvate were measured in the isolated perfused rat brain as well as in rat brain in vivo. Similar levels were observed in the isolated brain and in intact animals, and the values measured were in good accordance with those described in the literature. Only the pyruvate and lactate content were significantly higher in the isolated brain but the lactate/pyruvate ratio remained unchanged. An anesthetic or ischemia caused just the same effects on energy metabolism of the isolated rat brain as described for intact animals. Thus, 1.5 mM phe…
Seizure in isolated brain cryptococcoma: Case report and review of the literature
2021
Background: Central nervous system (CNS) cryptococcosis is an invasive fungal infection predominantly seen among immunosuppressed patients causing meningitis or meningoencephalitis. Rarely, cryptococcosis can affect immunologically competent hosts with the formation of localized CNS granulomatous reaction, known as cryptococcoma. Common symptoms of CNS cryptococcoma are headaches, consciousness or mental changes, focal deficits, and cranial nerve dysfunction. Rarely, seizures are the only presenting symptom. Case Description: We report the case of an immunocompetent patient with a solitary CNS cryptococcoma presenting with a long history of non-responsive generalized seizure who has been s…
Refining in vitro neurotoxicity testing--the development of blood-brain barrier models.
2003
The purpose of this paper is to review the current state of development of advanced in vitro blood–brain barrier (BBB) models. The BBB is a special capillary bed that separates the blood from the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma. Astrocytes maintain the integrity of the BBB, and, without astrocytic contacts, isolated brain capillary endothelial cells in culture lose their barrier characteristics. Therefore, when developing in vitro BBB models, it is important to add astrocytic factors into the culture system. Recently, novel filter techniques and co-culture methods have made it possible to develop models which resemble the in vivo functions of the BBB in an effective way. With a BBB…